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However, in these studies, only germination pattern was taken as index and no observations were made on the developmental stages.« lessĪ Mutant Hunt Using the C- Fern ( Ceratopteris Richardii)ĮRIC Educational Resources Information CenterĪ modification of the popular C- Fern system, the tropical fern Ceratopteris richardii is developed in which students plate out a genetically mixed set of fern spores and then select for specific mutants. In view of this fact, the phytotoxicity of LAS on germination of an aquatic fern Ceratopterismore » thalictroides spores was studied. These detergents are among the most common pollutants responsible for water pollution. Water pollution due to synthetic detergents has been increasing continuously during the last few years due to their extensive use in domestic life, agriculture and industry. Some workers studied the phytotoxicity of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) on the spores of Diplazium esculentum and observed that LAS levels above 0.001% are toxic to fern spores. Validity of fern spore germination bioassays for the effects of environmental pollution was established by many researchers. PMID:23933990Įffect of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate on germination of spores of the aquatic fern Ceratopteris thalictroides This simple stable transformation method should help facilitate functional genomics studies in ferns. However, we did attempt to use hygromycin selection, which was ineffective for recovering transgenic ferns.
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Transformation procedures required no tissue culture or selectable marker genes. vittata spores using biolistics, in which putatively stable transgenic gametophytes were recovered. In an independent experiment, the gusA gene that was driven by the 2Ã- Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was bombarded into P. Inheritance analyses using β-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical staining revealed that the GUS transgene was stably expressed in second generation C. We recovered seven independent transformants of P. tumefaciens was present in the sporophyte tissues. Southern-blot analysis confirmed stable transgene integration in recovered sporophytes and also confirmed that no plasmid from A. Reporter gene expression assays were performed on multiple tissues and growth stages of gametophytes and sporophytes. vittata actin promoter driving a GUSPlus reporter gene. Spores of the arsenic hyperaccumulating fern Pteris vittata and tetraploid ‘C- fern Express’ ( Ceratopteris thalictroides) were stably transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens with constructs containing the P. We report here, to our knowledge, the first instance of stable transformation of fern with recovery of transgenic sporophytes. Nealįerns (Pteridophyta) are very important members of the plant kingdom that lag behind other taxa with regards to our understanding of their genetics, genomics, and molecular biology. Muthukumar, Balasubramaniam Joyce, Blake L. Your small monsters will look great: conquering the Universe is worth it!ĭownload Spore Creature Creator to design your own Spore race.Stable Transformation of Ferns Using Spores as Targets: Pteris vittata and Ceratopteris thalictroides1[OPEN When you start designing your race, you'll notice the excellent graphical engine of the application, which allows realistic and unique effects. Save your species and share it on the Internet by means of photos and videos.Modify colors, skin tones, limbs, eyes, ears, add horns or a tail, etc.Create you species from scratch or use one of the templates available.Graphic editor to design your own race.Social simulation game: create your own race and conquer the Universe.You have hundreds of options available: the only limit is your imagination. In it you will be able to combine elements to give life to your creature and thus start conquering the Universe. Spore Creature Creator is a graphic editor to create your Spore race. But before you start, you'll have to design your race with Spore Creature Creator.
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In Spore your objective isn't to look after your virtual 'you', but to directly develop a new species and colonize the Universe with it, transforming it into the dominant race.
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Now he offers us Spore, a new revolution in what regards to social simulation games. Nevertheless, the ambition of this developer hasn't stagnated after the great success which he has harvested. Will Wright is one of the designers of The Sims, the famous virtual reality game that is the rage worldwide.